Back أناركية طبعانية Arabic Αναρχογυμνισμός Greek Anarco-naturismo Italian 환경주의적 아나키즘 Korean Anarconaturismo Portuguese Анархо-натуризм Russian Anarko-naturism Swedish Anarko-naturizm Turkish 無政府自然主義 Chinese
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Anarcho-naturism, also referred to as anarchist naturism and naturist anarchism, appeared in the late 19th century as the union of anarchist and naturist philosophies.[1][2] In many of the alternative communities established in Britain in the early 1900s, "nudism, anarchism, vegetarianism and free love were accepted as part of a politically radical way of life". In the 1920s, the inhabitants of the anarchist community at Whiteway, near Stroud in Gloucestershire, "shocked the conservative residents of the area with their shameless nudity".[3] Mainly, it had importance within individualist anarchist circles[7] in Spain,[8] France,[5][9] Portugal[10] and Cuba.[8][11]
Anarcho-naturism advocates vegetarianism, free love, nudism, hiking and an ecological world view within anarchist groups and outside them.[2][6] Anarcho-naturism also promotes an ecological worldview, small ecovillages, and most prominently nudism as a way to avoid the artificiality of the industrial mass society of modernity.[2] Naturist individualist anarchists see the individual in their biological, physical and psychological aspects and try to eliminate social determinations.[2]
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
naturismo.orgwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b c d Roselló, Jose Maria (2005), "El Naturismo Libertario (1890–1939)" (PDF), Cuaderno de Pensamiento, no. 4, archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-01-02
- ^ Terry Phillips. "Nudism the radical tradition". Archived from the original on 2012-09-11.
- ^ "El movimiento libertario en Italia". Archived from the original on 2013-10-12. Retrieved 2013-08-31.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ a b Díez, Xavier (1 April 2006). "La insumisión voluntaria: El anarquismo individualista español durante la Dictadura y la Segunda República (1923–1938)" (PDF). Germinal: 41. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-06-18.
- ^ a b Ytak, Cathy (2000). "Anarchisme et naturisme, aujourd'hui". Naturisme et Anarchisme (in French). Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved 2016-07-14.
- ^ [4][5][6]
- ^ a b Bracons, Eduard Masjuan (2006). "- La cultura de la naturaleza en el anarquismo iberico y cubano" (PDF). Signos Históricos (in Spanish) (15). ISSN 1665-4420. Retrieved 2016-07-13.
- ^ Armand, E. (2006). "Recension des articles de l'En-Dehors consacrés au naturisme et au nudisme". Naturisme et Anarchisme (in French). Archived from the original on 2008-10-14. Retrieved 2016-07-14.
- ^ Freire, João (2002). "Anarchisme et naturisme au Portugal, dans les années 1920". Les Anarchistes du Portugal. Confédération nationale du travail.
- ^ Shaffer, Kirwin R. (2005). Anarchism and countercultural politics in early twentieth-century Cuba. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. ISBN 0813027918. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2011-05-06.
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